Last Shipping Dates for Christmas Delivery Days Hours Minutes Seconds Dismiss
Lithium Thionyl Chloride (Li-SoCl2) batteries are primary (non-rechargeable) batteries that many industries widely use. These batteries are famous for their high energy density, long shelf life, and excellent performance in extreme temperatures, making them perfect for providing reliable power to devices and equipment for extended periods. As a result of these characteristics, they have become a popular choice for IoT, Utility, Medical and Industrial applications as single cells or assembled into battery packs. They have a high voltage of 3.6V and a flat discharge characteristic for excellent performance throughout use.
In this blog we&#;ll be taking an in-depth look at Lithium Thionyl Chloride batteries, their characteristics, cell construction and what to consider when choosing them to power your application.
Li-SoCl2 batteries offer numerous advantages, such as high capacity (energy density), a wide operating temperature range, long shelf life with low self-discharge, and high voltage stability. These features make them a compelling choice for various applications. To explore these advantages in more detail and compare them with other battery chemistries, continue reading.
In battery chemistry, the energy density is closely linked to the capacity. Batteries with higher energy densities can typically store more charge within a given volume or mass, resulting in higher capacities.
Capacity refers to the total amount of electrical charge that a battery can store. It is typically measured in Ampere-hours (Ah) or milliampere-hours (mAh). A higher capacity means the battery can provide more total charge and, therefore, power to a device before it needs to be recharged or replaced.
Energy density, on the other hand, represents the amount of energy that can be stored in a given volume or mass of the battery. It is typically expressed in watt-hours per litre (Wh/L) or watt-hours per kilogram (Wh/kg). Higher energy density means that more energy can be stored within the same physical size or weight of the battery.
In terms of energy density, Li-SoCl2 outperforms all other battery chemistries&#; with an impressive 700 Watts hours per KG. Meaning they can provide more energy compared to other chemistries in the same size format. Making them the best option for long term power or if size and weight are critical factors in the applications design.
Here are the approximate energy densities of some commonly used battery chemistries.
Note that these are approximate ranges, and the exact energy density of a particular battery will depend on various factors such as its design, purity of materials used and operating conditions.
Li-SoCl2 cells exhibit excellent performance across a wide range of temperatures, from extreme cold to high heat. They can operate reliably in temperatures as low as -60°C (-76°F) and as high as 85°C (185°F). Tadiran Batteries Extended Temperature range goes beyond the normal and has an operational temperature range of &#;55 °C (-67) > +130°C (266 ºF).
In comparison to other battery technology Li-SoCl2 has the widest operating range by far. Please see the Battery Chemistry Operating Temp Comparison table.
ChemistryOperating temp rangePrimary/RechargeableLithium Thionyl Chloride (Li-SoCl2)-60°C~+130°C PrimaryAlkaline-20°C~+55°C PrimaryZinc-Carbon-10°C~+25°CPrimaryLithium-ion (Li-ion)-10°C~+60°C RechargeableLithium polymer (Li-Po)-10°C~+60°C RechargeableNickel-metal hydride (NiMH)-20°C~+50°C RechargeableLead acid-65°C~+80°CRechargeableBattery Chemistry Operating Temp ComparisonLi-SoCl2 cells have an impressive shelf life that often exceeds 10 years as a minimum but some have been proven to last 40 years in operation. They owe this impressive shelf life due to having low self-discharge rates, meaning they can retain their charge for extended periods when not in use. The low self-discharge characteristics of Lithium Thionyl Chloride (Li-SoCl2) batteries can be attributed, in part, to the phenomenon of passivation.
What is Passivation in batteries?Passivation is a process where a protective layer forms on the surface of the lithium anode, preventing undesirable reactions and reducing self-discharge. In Li-SoCl2 batteries, the thionyl chloride electrolyte plays a crucial role in passivating the lithium anode. When the battery is not in use, the thionyl chloride electrolyte forms a stable, protective layer on the lithium surface, limiting its interaction with the surrounding environment.
How does Passivation effect self-discharge in Li-SoCl2This passivation layer acts as a barrier, reducing the loss of stored charge and minimizing self-discharge over time. As a result, Li-SoCl2 batteries can retain their charge for long periods, making them ideal for applications requiring low self-discharge rates, such as in remote sensors, backup power systems, and other devices that experience intermittent use.
In comparison, other chemistries may have different mechanisms to reduce self-discharge but often struggle to match the long-term low self-discharge performance of Li-SoCl2 batteries. For example, lithium-ion batteries, while known for their high energy density and relatively low self-discharge, can experience a slow but continuous self-discharge over time due to factors like electrode reactions and ionic diffusion. This can result in a gradual loss of stored energy, making them less suitable for applications requiring long shelf life or infrequent usage.
Li-SoCl2 cells offer a notable advantage over other primary battery chemistries in terms of high voltage stability. Unlike alkaline or zinc-carbon cells that exhibit voltage drops as they discharge, Li-SoCl2 cells maintain a relatively constant output voltage throughout their discharge cycle. This characteristic ensures consistent power supply, which is crucial for applications where voltage stability is critical, such as medical devices, precision instruments, and wireless communication systems. The high voltage stability of Li-SoCl2 cells allows for predictable and accurate operation, improves energy utilization, and minimizes the risk of performance issues caused by voltage fluctuations.
When it comes to Lithium Thionyl Chloride (Li-SoCl2) cells, there are two common construction types: bobbin and spirally wound. These construction methods refer to how the electrode and electrolyte layers are arranged within the cell, which changes their electrical performance.
What is a Bobbin Cell?Bobbin construction cells have a distinct feature where the anode and cathode have a relatively small shared surface area. In this type of cell, a single cylinder of cathode material is surrounded by the anode material. Due to the low common surface area, these cells have limited capability for high-rate discharges but an increased space to hold more anode material, allowing for more energy to be stored.
What is a Spirally Wound CellOn the other hand, spirally wound construction involves rolling the electrodes, separator, and electrolyte into a tightly wound spiral configuration. The positive and negative electrodes are wound together with a separator in between, forming a spiral-shaped core. This core is then inserted into a cylindrical metal casing, providing structural support and serving as the outer shell of the battery. The larger surface area of the anode and cathode allows for high-rate discharges.
Both construction methods have their advantages and are suitable for different applications. Bobbin construction cells are commonly employed in applications requiring long operational life and high energy storage, where the applications base current is measurable in Microamps, such as utility metering, tracking devices, and industrial equipment. A notable example of a bobbin-constructed Li-SoCl2 cell is the Tadiran LTC series or the Saft LS range.
Spirally wound construction, on the other hand, offer high pulse rates and improved resistance to vibrations and shocks. This makes spirally wound Li-SoCl2 cells more suitable for applications that require durability and reliability in challenging environments. These cells are often found in aerospace, defence, and oil and gas industries. The Saft LSH series is a well-known example of spirally wound Li-SoCl2 cells.
Want to know more about Spirally Wound and Bobbin cells? Saft&#;s LS and LSH range. What is the difference? &#; Cell Pack Solutions
While Lithium Thionyl Chloride (Li-SoCl2) cells offer several advantages, they also have some notable disadvantages that should be taken into consideration when choosing the chemistry.
People often assume all lithium batteries are rechargeable, but Lithium Thionyl Chloride (Li-SoCl2) batteries are non-rechargeable or primary cells. Meaning they can only be used once in an application and then need replacing. The costs involved when replacing batteries in remote locations should be considered and factored in when choosing an appropriate battery chemistry. It must be noted that in low drain applications, a Li-SoCl2 cell can often last into the 10&#;s & 20&#;s of years.
Li-SoCl2 cells are sensitive to overvoltage conditions. Exposing these cells to voltages higher than their specified limits can lead to safety hazards, such as gas generation, leakage, or even rupture. It is essential to carefully adhere to the recommended voltage range and avoid subjecting Li-SoCl2 cells to excessive voltage.
Li-SoCl2 cells have a relatively high nominal voltage, typically around 3.6 volts. While this can be advantageous in certain applications, it also requires careful consideration when designing devices or circuits that are not compatible with this higher voltage level. If you require a higher voltage and want to use Li-SoCl2 then speak to one of our team about creating a custom battery pack.
When it comes to cost, there is a notable difference between Lithium Thionyl Chloride (Li-SoCl2) batteries and alkaline batteries. Generally, Li-SoCl2 batteries tend to be more expensive than alkaline batteries. The higher cost of Li-SoCl2 batteries can be attributed to several factors, including the specialized chemistry and manufacturing processes involved.
BatteryLi-SoCl2 D Tadiran SLAlkaline D cell GP13AVoltage3.6V3.5V (3x 1.5V GP13A connected in series)Capacity19Ah15AhDimensions32.9&#; x 61.5 mm32.9&#; x 98.7 x 61.5 mmWeight93g405g (3x 135g)Cost£16.76 ex VAT£3.90 ex VAT (3x GP13A)Comparing Li-SoCl2 and AlkalineComparing the cost of a Tadiran SL/s 3.6V 19Ah D cell vs the equivalent in alkaline. To truly compare Li-SoCl2 and Alkaline in terms of cost, we must consider other electrical factors to get a more accurate comparison. In the comparison below 3x GP D cells in series are used to get a 3.5V voltage similar to Li-SoCl2. Although 3x GP13A are more cost effective initially, the capacity and performance is still inferior in comparison. You should also factor the cost of maintenance in terms of battery changes when considering which chemistry to choose.
Please note: that this is a loose comparison and does not factor in performance data. Please see the specific data sheets for this Data.
Lithium Thionyl Chloride batteries power applications across a wide range of industries due to their unique characteristics and advantages. Here are some popular industries and applications where Li-SoCl2 batteries are commonly utilized:
These are just a few examples of the industries and applications where Li-SoCl2 batteries are widely used. Their unique characteristics make them a preferred choice in scenarios where long-term power supply, durability, and high performance are essential.
Want to know more about Lithium Thionyl Chloride?
Speak to one of our team to find out if Li-SoCL2 is the right chemistry for your project.
ContactIn the ever-evolving world of battery technology, two types of batteries have gained significant attention for their unique properties and applications: the Tadiran lithium thionyl chloride (Li-SOCl2) battery and the lithium polymer (Li-Po) battery. While both utilize lithium-based chemistry, these power sources serve distinctly different purposes in various industries. This comprehensive article will delve into the intricacies of both battery types, exploring their working principles, advantages, disadvantages, and specific applications. By understanding the strengths and limitations of each, we can better appreciate their roles in powering our increasingly connected world.
Tadiran lithium thionyl chloride (Li-SOCl2) batteries are renowned for their ultra-long life and high energy density. Due to their reliability and efficiency, remote wireless applications primarily use these batteries. Tadiran pioneered this technology nearly 50 years ago and has since been a leader in the industry, providing power solutions for various applications, including automatic meter reading (AMR) units, asset tracking, and infrastructure monitoring.
High Energy Density
Tadiran Li-SOCl2 batteries boast a high energy density, which allows them to deliver substantial power in a compact size. This makes them suitable for applications where space and weight are critical factors.
Long Shelf Life
These batteries have an exceptionally long shelf life, with a self-discharge rate of only about 1% per year. This means they can remain functional for many years without significant loss of capacity.
Wide Temperature Range
Tadiran Li-SOCl2 batteries can operate in extreme temperatures ranging from -55°C to +85°C, making them ideal for harsh environments.
Low Self-Discharge
The low self-discharge rate ensures that users can store the batteries without losing their charge, which is crucial for applications that require long-term reliability.
High Voltage Stability
These batteries maintain a stable voltage throughout their discharge cycle, ensuring consistent performance.
Disadvantages of Tadiran lithium thionyl chloride batteries
Non-Rechargeable
One of the primary drawbacks of Li-SOCl2 batteries is that they are not rechargeable. Once depleted, they need to be replaced, which can be a limitation for some applications.
Passivation Effect
SUNJ ENERGY Product Page
When you first put the battery into operation, the passivation layer that forms on the lithium anode can initially impede current flow. This can cause a temporary voltage drop, although it stabilizes over time.
Remote Wireless Devices
Remote wireless devices widely use Tadiran Li-SOCl2 batteries due to their long life and reliability. They are ideal for applications where replacing batteries frequently, such as remote sensors and monitoring systems, is not feasible.
Metering Systems
These batteries are commonly used in automatic meter reading (AMR) and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) systems, providing reliable power for extended periods.
Asset Tracking
Tadiran Li-SOCl2 batteries are used in asset-tracking devices, ensuring that the equipment can be monitored and tracked over long distances and timeframes without frequent battery changes.
Tadiran Li-SOCl2 batteries operate on a unique electrochemical principle. The battery comprises a lithium metal anode, a liquid thionyl chloride cathode, and a porous carbon current collector. The thionyl chloride serves as both the cathode material and the electrolyte solvent.
When the battery is in use, the following reaction occurs:
4Li + 2SOCl2 &#; 4LiCl + S + SO2
This reaction produces lithium chloride (LiCl), sulfur (S), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The battery gradually consumes the lithium anode while the carbon cathode reduces the thionyl chloride. A vital feature of these batteries is forming a passivation layer on the lithium anode, which helps prevent self-discharge and contributes to the battery&#;s long shelf life.
Lithium polymer (Li-Po) rechargeable batteries have gained popularity in consumer electronics and the radio control industry. Li-Po batteries, known for their lightweight, high energy density, and flexible form factor, are commonly used in smartphones, tablets, drones, and other portable devices. They offer significant energy capacity and discharge rate advantages, making them ideal for high-power applications.
Lightweight and Flexible
Li-Po batteries are lightweight and can be manufactured in various shapes and sizes, making them versatile for different applications. Their flexible form allows designers to use them in compact, portable devices.
High Energy Density
These batteries offer a high energy density, providing more power in a smaller package. This makes them ideal for high-performance applications such as drones and electric vehicles.
High Discharge Rates
Li-Po batteries can deliver high discharge rates, essential for applications requiring bursts of power, such as radio-controlled models and drones.
Safety
Experts generally consider Li-Po batteries safer than other lithium-ion batteries because they use a solid polymer electrolyte, which reduces the risk of leaks and explosions.
Higher Cost
Li-Po batteries tend to be more expensive than other types, which can be a limiting factor for some users.
Shorter Lifespan
Compared to other lithium-ion batteries, Li-Po batteries have a shorter lifespan and may require more frequent replacements.
Sensitivity to Overcharging
These batteries are sensitive to overcharging and require careful management to avoid potential safety hazards.
Consumer Electronics
Due to their high energy density and lightweight characteristics, consumer electronics manufacturers extensively use Li-Po batteries in smartphones, tablets, and laptops.
Drones and RC Models
These batteries are popular in the radio control industry, particularly in drones and RC models, where high power and lightweight are essential.
Electric Vehicles
Electric vehicles also use Li-Po batteries, providing the necessary power and energy density for efficient performance.
Lithium polymer batteries operate on a principle similar to other lithium-ion batteries but with a critical difference in their electrolyte. In a Li-Po battery, a solid polymer composite, such as polyethylene oxide or polyacrylonitrile, holds the lithium-salt electrolyte instead of an organic solvent.
The essential components of a Li-Po battery include:
Lithium ions move from the anode to the cathode through the polymer electrolyte during discharge, and this process is reversed during charging. The polymer electrolyte allows for a more flexible and potentially safer battery design than traditional liquid electrolyte lithium-ion batteries.
When comparing Tadiran Li-SOCl2 batteries with Li-Po batteries, it&#;s essential to consider their distinct characteristics and applications. Tadiran Li-SOCl2 batteries excel in long-term, low-power applications where battery replacement is challenging or costly. They offer unparalleled shelf life and performance in extreme temperatures, making them ideal for remote sensing and monitoring applications.
On the other hand, Li-Po batteries shine in high-power, rechargeable applications where weight and form factor are crucial. Their ability to deliver high discharge rates and withstand multiple recharges makes them perfect for consumer electronics and portable devices.
While both battery types offer high energy density, they cater to different needs regarding rechargeability, temperature range, and application specifics. The choice between the two often depends on the application&#;s specific requirements, including power needs, environmental conditions, and maintenance capabilities.
Here&#;s a detailed comparison of the two battery types:
The passivation layer in Li-SOCl2 batteries plays a crucial role in their long shelf life by preventing self-discharge. However, it can initially impede current flow when the battery is activated, causing a temporary voltage drop. This effect stabilizes over time, allowing the battery to deliver consistent performance throughout its lifespan.
Yes, you can recharge lithium polymer (Li-Po) batteries and use them multiple times, which makes them suitable for consumer electronics and other high-usage applications.
Li-Po batteries are generally considered safer than traditional lithium-ion batteries due to their solid polymer electrolyte. This design reduces the risk of leaks and thermal runaway, which can lead to fires or explosions in liquid electrolyte batteries. However, Li-Po batteries still require proper handling and charging practices to ensure safety.
Yes, Li-Po batteries are generally safe when used correctly. They use a solid polymer electrolyte, which reduces the risk of leaks and explosions compared to other lithium-ion batteries.
Li-Po batteries are popular in the radio control industry because of their high energy density, lightweight, and ability to deliver high discharge rates, which are essential for powering drones and RC models.
Related Tags:
Henry
Battery Industry Content Writer
The company is the world’s best mAh li socl2 battery supplier. We are your one-stop shop for all needs. Our staff are highly-specialized and will help you find the product you need.